by default cockpit doesn’t show vm’s build with multipass – Why – because cockpit uses libvirt and mulipass default virtualization system is qemu.

To check systems build with multipass and qemu

[~ (master)]$ multipass get local.driver
qemu

the qemu systems doesn’t show in cockpit. To list down vm’s running with qemu

[~ (master)]$ ps -ef | awk '/qemu/ && !/awk/' | sed -e 's/[^/]*//' -e 's/ -/\n\t-/g'

Install libvirt

To install libvirt, execute:

# use the equivalent for your distribution
$ sudo apt install libvirt-daemon-system

Switch the Multipass driver to libvirt

First, allow Multipass to use your local libvirt:

# connect the libvirt interface/plug
$ sudo snap connect multipass:libvirt

Then, to switch the Multipass driver to libvirt, run:

# you'll need to stop all the instances first
$ multipass stop --all

# and tell Multipass to use libvirt
$ multipass set local.driver=libvirt

All your existing instances will be migrated and can be used straight away.

You can still use the multipass client and the tray icon, and any changes you make to the configuration of the instance in libvirt will be persistent. They may not be represented in Multipass commands such as multipass info, though.

Use libvirt to view Multipass instances

You can view instances with libvirt in two ways, using the virsh CLI or the virt-manager GUI.

To use the virsh CLI, launch an instance and then execute virsh list (see man virsh for a command reference):

[~ (master)]$ virsh list
 Id   Name     State
------------------------
 1    node1    running
 2    node12   running
 3    node13   running
 4    node4    running

Switch back to the default driver

To switch back to the default qemu driver, execute:

# stop all instances again
$ multipass stop --all

# and switch back to the qemu driver
$ multipass set local.driver=qemu

I wanted to install multipass on my mac running 10.13.6 but the latest version of multipass doesn’t support Mac Os 10.13.6 so here I have prepared a list of supported version of multipass with the version of mac

multipass version	supported mac version
1.9.2	• OS X 10.14 Mojave or later
1.9.1	• OS X 10.14 Mojave or later
1.9.0	• OS X 10.14 Mojave or later
1.8.1	• OS X 10.14 Mojave or later
1.8.0	• OS X 10.14 Mojave or later
1.7.2	• OS X 10.14 Mojave or later
1.7.1	• OS X 10.14 Mojave or later
1.7.0	• OS X 10.14 Mojave or later
1.6.2	• OS X 10.12 Sierra or later

पर हित सरिस धर्म नहिं भाई। पर पीड़ा सम नहिं अधमाई॥

§ गोस्वामी तुलसी दास श्री रामचरितमानस उत्तरकाण्ड

दूसरों की भलाई के समान अन्य कोई श्रेष्ठ धर्म नहीं है मेरे भई और दूसरों को कष्ट देने के जैसा अन्य कोई पाप नहीं है |
आवश्यकता पड़ने पर निस्वार्थ भाव से दूसरों को सहयोग देना परहित है|

Here are the 5 things which I had explored, learned, pondered in last week.

Read the book “Let’s talk Money” by Monika Halan

There are many books in the market to give you advice on trading and share markets and mutual funds but none of those book will teach you Money Management, you will get a lot of book which will give you money advice or financial advice like do this and don’t do this, like Rich dad, Poor Dad is a good inspiration book with its lots advice’s but never really telling the kind of questions you ask for buying a financial product, woven in the Indian context Monika Halan tries to take up on the financial instruments available in India. She encompasses her knowledge on Investing, creating a saving fund and plan for the future in this book. In the republished edition chapters on Covid has been added, She has hit the nail on the answers and the kind of questions you should be aware about while making a financial decision, whether its as simple as buying a insurance. You must know what kind of insurances are there and its impact on you on the long run. The book tries to help you with taking such decisions, Its a quite a detailed book and a recommended read.

Playtime for Kids

Bought this Wooden hanging ladder for kids to play, it’s a good exercise instrument and kids play hanging on them, and use it as swing . You can put this in your balcony provided your balcony is closed and kids really enjoy on this. I liked it’s features specially semicurved edges of wood, Other similar products on amazon has got rectangular or pointy edges, the wood is good heavy and has premium appeal to it and is of very superior quality. Rope quality is equally good. Gloves are an added advantage. Value for money. My kids liked it very much and enjoying a lot. This can easily be shifted to outdoor as well as indoor.
You can get this from

3 Ghazals or Nazm to listen

3 Ghazals or Nazm to listen to if you get time and i thoroughly enjoyed listening to them, they all are available on prime music, but do listen with below singers only

Movie to Watch

Article on Ukraine and Russia

An article which I read this week and which explains about the Ukraine and Russia crisis. https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/world/russia-ukraine-conflict-the-case-for-atmanirbharta-8197941.html

What is Localstack?

Localstack is a fully functional local cloud stack. LocalStack provides an easy-to-use test/mocking framework for developing Cloud applications. It spins up a testing environment on your local machine that provides the same functionality and APIs as the real AWS cloud environment.

We can run Lambda functions, store data to DynamoDB tables, feed events through Kinesis streams, put your application behind an API Gateway, and much more. And all this happens on your local machine, without ever talking to the cloud. Check out the Github repository.

Some of the benefits of using localstack

• Enables a highly efficient dev&test loop. Deploy your application locally in Docker, within seconds
• Its huge cost savings for development teams of all sizes. No cloud infrastructure needed
• This Improve software quality through continuous integration. Stop rolling out untested changes.

Steps to install localstack

Prerequisite:

• Docker is installed and running. I have installed a Docker desktop community edition.

• Create a file with the name docker-compose.yml.
• Copy the below and paste it into a docker-compose.yml.

version: "3.8"

services:
  localstack:
    container_name: "${LOCALSTACK_DOCKER_NAME-localstack_main}"
    image: localstack/localstack
    network_mode: bridge
    ports:
      - "127.0.0.1:53:53"                # only required for Pro
      - "127.0.0.1:53:53/udp"            # only required for Pro
      - "127.0.0.1:443:443"              # only required for Pro
      - "127.0.0.1:4510-4530:4510-4530"  # only required for Pro
      - "127.0.0.1:4566:4566"
      - "127.0.0.1:4571:4571"
    environment:
      - SERVICES=${SERVICES-}
      - DEBUG=${DEBUG-}
      - DATA_DIR=${DATA_DIR-}
      - LAMBDA_EXECUTOR=${LAMBDA_EXECUTOR-}
      - LOCALSTACK_API_KEY=${LOCALSTACK_API_KEY-}  # only required for Pro
      - HOST_TMP_FOLDER=${TMPDIR:-/tmp/}localstack
      - DOCKER_HOST=unix:///var/run/docker.sock
    volumes:
      - "${TMPDIR:-/tmp}/localstack:/tmp/localstack"
      - "/var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock"

• In case the formatting is not proper the same can be downloaded from here.
• Open PowerShell from the folder where above docker-compose.yml is kept.
• Run docker-compose up command.
• Builds, (re)creates, starts, and attaches to containers for all LocalStack services.
• Now you can work with Localstack services like S3.

This weekend, I was working on a personal project this requires me to send personalized certificates to all participants over email.

Composing mail, Adding attachments, Writing messages Adding email addresses, and sending to the recipient is tedious and time-consuming if I need to do this for multiple users.

Google sheets provide a nice feature to automate this process using “script-editor”. The first step is to collect user details using google forms, once we have those details we create a sheet for those details.

For creating certificates I used canva tool (an online tool) to create certificates, use the existing templates and the names in the certificates from the name in the form you created.

Google forms created the sheet and I uploaded the certificates to the google drive folder, these certificates will now be sent to each recipient from the sheet.

The next step is to configure google sheets to send mail

We will not use the sheet created by form, instead will create a new sheet.

Go to chrome browser and type sheets.new in the URL bar, this will create a new spreadsheet for adding our data.

Here we need to add the attachments field from google drive. The catch here is to add the file-id in the attachment column, which means, we need to collect the ‘file-id’ of all the files which we want to add as an attachment for every row.

The manual step is to right-click on the file and click on the get link to get the link of the file. The box marked in red is the file id.

Doing this for multiple files could be time-consuming, so we take google sheets script editor’s help again and create a new sheet to collect the data.

Go ahead and create a new sheet, open tools -> script editor

/* modified from @hubgit and http://stackoverflow.com/questions/30328636/google-apps-script-count-files-in-folder 
for this stackexchange question http://webapps.stackexchange.com/questions/86081/insert-image-from-google-drive-into-google-sheets by @twoodwar
*/
function listFilesInFolder(folderName) {

   var sheet = SpreadsheetApp.getActiveSheet();
   sheet.appendRow(["Name", "Date", "Size", "URL", "Download", "Description", "Image"]);


//change the folder ID below to reflect your folder's ID (look in the URL when you're in your folder)
    var folder = DriveApp.getFolderById("Add your folder id here");
    var contents = folder.getFiles();

    var cnt = 0;
    var file;

    while (contents.hasNext()) {
        var file = contents.next();
        cnt++;

           data = [
                file.getName(),
                file.getDateCreated(),
                file.getSize(),
                file.getUrl(),
                "https://docs.google.com/uc?export=download&confirm=no_antivirus&id=" + file.getId(),
                file.getId(),
                file.getDescription(),
                "=image(\"https://docs.google.com/uc?export=download&id=" + file.getId() +"\")",
            ];

            sheet.appendRow(data);



    };
};

Add the folder id in the above code, we get the folder id the same way we did for file id.

Run the script, it will get the file id and its name along with file size, file link, and thumbnail image of all files from the specified folder, copy the file-id and align it with the proper name in the firs sheet we created for sending mail.

Our sheet is now ready with all the details and will look more or less like below.

Go to tools -> script editor and add the code for sending mail.

The code below is going to pick the email id from the first column and rename the file attachment with the name of the user from the second column and sent the mail to the user.

after sending mail to each user, the script will update the last column with the value EMAIL_SENT, this is added to avoid sending duplicate mail to the same recepient

// This constant is written in column C for rows for which an email
// has been sent successfully.
var EMAIL_SENT = 'EMAIL_SENT';

/**
 * Sends non-duplicate emails with data from the current spreadsheet.
 */
function sendEmails2() {
  var sheet = SpreadsheetApp.getActiveSheet();
  var startRow = 2; // First row of data to process
  var numRows = 56; // Number of rows to process
  // Fetch the range of cells A2:B3
  var dataRange = sheet.getRange(startRow, 1, numRows, 6);
  // Fetch values for each row in the Range.
  var data = dataRange.getValues();
  for (var i = 0; i < data.length; ++i) {
    var row = data[i];
    var emailAddress = row[0]; // First column
    var emailSent = row[5]; // Sixth column
    // var certificateURL = row[4];
    var name = row[1];
    var id = row[4];
    var certificateBlob = DriveApp.getFileById(id).getBlob().setName(name + "_certificate");
    // var certificateBlob = UrlFetchApp.fetch(certificateURL).getBlob().setName(name + "_certificate");
    var comp_name = row[3] // Cometetion Name, Fifth Column
    var subject = 'Thank you for participating in ' + comp_name + ' Competition';
    if (emailSent !== EMAIL_SENT) { // Prevents sending duplicates
      MailApp.sendEmail({
        to: emailAddress, 
        subject: subject, 
        htmlBody: "Thank you for participating, Please find you e-Certificate! <img src='cid:certificate'> <br> <br>",
        inlineImages:
        {
          certificate: certificateBlob
        }
      });
      sheet.getRange(startRow + i, 6).setValue(EMAIL_SENT);
      // Make sure the cell is updated right away in case the script is interrupted
      SpreadsheetApp.flush();
    }
  }
}

This code is taken from google send mail tutorial

once the code is executed an EMAIL_SENT field will be added to the sheet.

Note: This can send only 100 emails using this method in 24 hours, so use cautiously.