UNIX Questions and Answers
Most answers refer to Solaris 2.x systems
Hardware Issues
Configuration Issues
NFS Issues
General Issues
Software issues
Networking issues
Security issues
Firewall issues
Performance tuning issues
E10000
From the unix prompt use eeprom. From the ok prompt use devaliases, printenv, nvedit and nvalias.
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If the file /etc/nologin exists then only root can login. Whatever the contents of the file are are displayed to whoever is attempting a login.
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From the ok prompt type
show-nets
This will display the possible interfaces. Select an interface then type
nvalias net ^Y
This will set the selected interface to the alias net.
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The most likely cause of this is an incorrect XKeysymDB file or an
incorrect pointer to it. Try looking in /usr/openwin/lib or
/usr/openwin/lib/X11. The Installation and Administration
manual for the application should have some information about this.
If logged in as root from another system try
/usr/openwin/bin/kbd-mode -a
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This was probably caused by a directory being deleted while another
system was NFS mounted into it. The best action is to cd
out of the directory and perform a umount. Sometimes
halting and restarting the automount daemon is reqired, for example:
/etc/rc2.d/S74autofs [stop/start]. or
/etc/init.d/nfs.server [stop/start].
If none of these work, then it might have to be a reboot.
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It is advisable to halt and power off the system whenever you attach new
scsi devices. However, if this is not possible try this:
- If possible stop the system with < STOP > < A >, connect the device and
type go
- Type:
drvconfig
devlinks
tapes / disks (depending on the device attached)
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Probably the NFS server has got itself a little confused. Check there is
an entry in /etc/dfs/dfstab
Try stopping and restarting the daemon, for example:
/etc/init.d/nfs.server [stop/start]
If this doesn’t work, try a reboot.
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Tar to a remote drive:
tar cvfb - 20 filenames | rsh host dd of=/dev/rmt0 obs=20b
Tar from a remote drive:
rsh -n host dd if=/dev/rmt0 bs=20b | tar xvBfb - 20
filenames
Copying directory trees:
cd fromdir; tar cf - . | (cd todir; tar xfBp -)
Copy directory tree to another host:
cd fromdir; tar cf - * | rsh host "cd todir ; tar xf -"
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Use find and cpio
cd fromdir; find . -name -print | cpio -pmd /todir
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Swapping onto a file system is faster than swapping to a file. If
possible, partition an area of disk as the additional swap area.
Otherwise, create a swap file with the command mkfile (see
man page), for example:
mkfile 100m swappy
Add the swap area with the command swap (see man page) for
example:
swap -a swappy
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The main secret is to get the cdrom to talk in 512 byte sectors. If the cdrom does this then it will work.
Saturn.tlug.org This is a good FAQ to start with or try the Sun CD FAQ. or of course your manafacturs instruction book.
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Use the command psrinfo -v
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Start with the SMCC NFS Server Performance and Tuning Guide
This is a pkgadd of SUNWabhdw and adds the guide to answerbook
SUNWadhdw is on the “Software Supplement for the Solaris 2.6 Operating
Environment” CD.
Use the command /usr/bin/nfsstat to view the NFS statistics
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Use SunVTS. This is available on the Software Supplement for the Solaris
2.6 Operating Environment CD.
If you have a fibre problem then try STORtools. You will probably need
a fibre loopback cable in order to get the most out of this.
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If you have reinstalled the / file system from backup (ie
ufsdump) then you will need to recreate the boot block on
the boot disk. This is done using the installboot command (
read the man page ), for example:
installboot
/usr/platform/`uname -i`/lib/fs/ufs/bootblk /dev/rdsk/c?t?d?s?
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- Install the network card and cable it up. Make sure that any
jumpersettings are set.
- Add the second interface name and IP to the hosts file and Name
Service.
- Edit the file
/etc/hostname.interface where
interface is the type, for example, le1 hme1
- Reboot the sysyem or manually set it up with
ifconfig
(see manual page)
ifconfig hmse1 plumb
ifconfig hmse1 IP-Address
You may also need to perform an add route (see manual page)
route add net destination gateway metric
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Use the command showrev -p
Use the command patchdiag -l this also lists patches you should install.
You
will need do download a copy from sun. If you have access try
downloading from http://sunsolve.sun.com.sunsolve/patchdiag this is a
tar compressed file.
There is a tar file of patchdiag on this site but i have not set up ftp at the moment of writing this page.
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Use the command prtconf and grep for the
memory, for example:
prtconf |grep Memory
If you need to know what memory sims are in what slot use the perl script from Micron. A sample script is.
Sample of Memcom Script Remeber to get an official copy.
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For CD
Download a copy of Workman from Midwinter.com
If you have problems with sound then it might be that you cannot use
the internal sound card and will have to plug speekers int the cd
plater itself.
However this might work
edit /etc/rmmount.conf and add
action cdrom action_workman.so
/usr/local/bin/workman
try this before any other cdrom actions
For MP3 files look to the following site
Opensound
If you wish to read an audio cd under solaris and copy the files to
wav, mpeg, etc then you need the program galette available from Galette
Once you have the files stored as wav files you need to convert them to MP3 using Blade
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This is a definite RTFM, but start with these:
ps, iostat, nfsstat,
sar, netstat, snoop,
mpstat, rpcinfo, truss,
prtdiag, crash, psrinfo,
prtconf, arp and uptime
try looking at the enclosed perl script to get an idea of wht to look for.
Perl script to look at how the system is performing
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Helpful info from Iomega at
Zip Drives on Sun
basically edit /etc/format.dat and add :-
disk_type = "Zip" \
: ctlr = SCSI\
: ncyl = 2046 : acyl = 2 : pcyl = 2048 : nhead = 2\
: nsect = 40 : rpm : bpt = 20480
partition = "Zip" \
: disk = "Zip" : ctlr = SCSI \
: 2 = 0, 192480 : 2 = 0, 1159168
Jazz Drives on Sun
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These are temporary files used by the system to guarantee data
reliability over the unreliable nfs mount. These can be left behind by
an application or process that has terminated abnormally.
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If this is for just one print, use the -o option, for
example:
lp -o nobanner name
Otherwise, edit the file /etc/lp/interfaces/printername and
change the option nobanner to yes.
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Use the command ipcs to view what is set.
If you wish to change them, edit /etc/systems and reboot
with -r.
Typically, you would edit one or more of msgsys,
semsys, shmsys.
Check out the sun docunemt on shared memory sunworld document on shared memory
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use the command df -F ufs -o i
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use the command mkfs -m /dev/dsk/c?t?d?s?
look at the bsize value (you need to be root to run this)
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Use the command dfmounts
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These are caused by an application or process crashing, terminating
abnormally, getting confused
etc. Look for the parent process of these and kill or refresh it.
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try /usr/ccs/bin/what /usr/sbin/in.named |grep named
Solaris 2.6 bind 4.9.4-P1
Solaris 2.5.1 bind 4.9.3-P1
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There are several ways to do this, try:
Squirrel
FAQ
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You need to create an Xresourses file to start the window manager.
cd /usr/dt/config/C/Xresources.d
copy Xresources.ow to a new name of your window manager ie Xresourses.kde.
Now edit your Xresources.kde file. Making the changes for your window manager
I.e.
Dtlogin*altDtsIncrement: True
Dtlogin*altDtName: KDE Desktop
Dtlogin*altDtKey: /usr/local/kde/bin/startkde
Dtlogin*altDtStart: /usr/local/kde/bin/startkde
Dtlogin*altDtLogo: KDElogo
copy the KDE logo KDElogo.pm to /usr/dt/appconfig/icons/C/KDElogo.pm
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Try looking at infodoc 11669.
OPenwin
openwin -dev /dev/cgsix0 left -dev /dev/cgsix1 right
CDE
edit Xservers with
:0 Local local_uid@console root /usr/openwin/bin/Xsun :0 -dev /dev/cgsix0 -dev /dev/cgsix1 right
The control panel
In this example I will add the workman cd player to the control panel.
Copy the CDE config file dtwm.fp from /usr/dt to your homedirectory/.dt/types
Create an icon and place it in ~.dt/icons. it should have a .m.pm extension.
ie. Player.m.pm
Edit the dtwm.fp file
and add following. In this case I am adding it between the help and
trash areas. the position hints is 13 so it should appear towards the
right between the help (book) icon and the trash (waste bin) icon.
CONTROL cdplayer
{
TYPE icon
CONTAINER_NAME Top
CONTAINER_TYPE BOX
POSITION_HINTS 13
PUSH_ACTION cdplayer
ICON Player
}
Create a file for what to do when the button is pushed. In the example
it is called cdplayer. The file has a .dt extension IE cdplayer.dt. The
contents of this file are.
ACTION cdplayer
{
LABEL cdplayer
TYPE COMMAND
EXEC_STRING /usr/local/bin/workman
ICON somename
WINDOW_TYPE NO_STDIO
DESCRIPTION starts cdplayer
}
The mouse menu
copy the mouse menu from /usr/dt/config/C/sys.dtwmrc to you home directory ~/.dt/types/dtwmrc.
edit the dtwnrc file adding or removing mouse options. In this case we will create an applications submenu and put the cdplayer in that submenu.
Firstly add the applications menu to the main menu by instering a line like this
"Applications" f.menu apps
in the DtRootMenu section. approx line 38
then hgo to the botton of the file and create the application menu. ie.
Menu apps
{
APPLICATIONS" f.title
"CD Player" f.exec "/usr/local/bin/workman"
}
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There are several ways to do this. Below is an example of a perl program that sends the string
"hey now hey now now. Sing this corrosion to me " to port 1250 on a system called mission.
On the mission server there is a program which is called via inetd that picks up this incomming
line and writes it to a file /tmp/outfile. the program is called read-socket.pl
Sample /etc/inetd.conf entry
read-socket stream tcp nowait neville /export/home/neville/read-socket.pl
Sample /etc/services entry
read-socket 1250/tcp
Sample sending program (send-line.pl)
#!/usr/bin/perl
use IO::Socket;
$sock = new IO::Socket::INET (PeerAddr => 'mission',
PeerPort => 1250,
Proto => 'tcp',
);
die "Socket could not be created. Reason $! \n" unless $sock;
print $sock "hey now hey now now. Sing this corrosion to me\n";
close ($sock);
Sample sending program (send-file.pl)
#!/usr/bin/perl
use IO::Socket;
my $FILETOSEND = "/tmp/crappy";
open (INFILE, $FILETOSEND) || die "cannot open file: $FILETOSEND \n";
$sock = new IO::Socket::INET (PeerAddr => 'mission',
PeerPort => 1250,
Proto => 'tcp',
);
die "Socket could not be created. Reason $! \n" unless $sock;
#now do the sending
select ($sock);
while (< INFILE > )
{
print $_;
}
close ($sock);
close ($INFILE);
Sample reading program (read-socket.pl)
#!/usr/bin/perl
open (OUT, ">/tmp/outfile") || die "cannot open output file \n";
print OUT < STDIN >
close (OUT);
Sample reading program as a deamon (not using /etc/system and /etc/services)
#!/usr/
bin/perl
use IO::Socket;
$sock = new IO::Socket::INET (PeerPort => 1250,
Proto => 'tcp',
Listen => 10,
Reuse => 1,
);
die "Cannot start deamon on socket Reason $! \n" unless $sock;
while ($this_connection = $server->accept())
{
print $this_connection;
}
close ($sock);
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Use the proc commands below and others.
/usr/proc/bin/pmap -x $PID (see what memory is used)
/usr/proc/bin/pldd $PID (see what shared libraries are used)
/usr/proc/bin/pwdx $PID (see what the working directory is)
Download a copy of memtool from Sun. ftp://playground.sun.com/pub/memtool
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If you plan to use curses to do an interface try looking at this site. It might make life easier for you
SCRMGR curses interface
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Run the command /usr/platform/arch-type/sbin/prtdiag -V
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Try this site
Idalize program
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Get a copy of DHTMLR (Do HTML Report) forom the belew site.
this is a shell script that gets system info and builds web pages.
DHTMLR program from the Sunsolve site Belgium
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There are quite a few graphical front ends for ftp available. Below are
a couple of them. Also try looking at the KDE and GNOME sites.
GNU licenses Graphical ftp
llnl xdir
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Um yes well probably quite a few bits to add here. lets try
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This is a 7 part document
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Download it from
Internet Explorer
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add noexec_user_stack to the file /etc/system
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use the command isainfo -v
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comment out the stdvolcheck stuff from
/usr/dt/config/sessionetc
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Set their shell in /etc/passwd to /bin/false. Then edit /etc/shells and add a line /bin/false.
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Use the commands
iostat -e or iostst -E or netstat -k
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Probably a lot to say here lets start with
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Probably a lot to say here lets start with
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As far as i can tell this is the toner Xerox XP 15/20
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You will need to get a fixed frequency card. Look at this site.
Monitor world
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You will need to get a 13W3 to VGA connector.
Some monitors (Notably Sony based ones) will just work. Plug it it and reboot.
If not you will need to set up your monitor configurations at the NVRAM.
To set the NVRAM you need the following info.
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A good site to start looking at is:
Pinouts.com
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Under the X11 environment run the command xdpyinfo. If not running X
then you will need to look at one of the frame buffer config commands.
Unfortunatly these are framebuffer specific but try
System/Framebuffer Command
Sparc4, Sparcx5 tcx tcxconfig
x86 kdmconfig
Ultra creator ffbconfig
Ultra PGX/M64 m64config
sparc ZX/TZX leoconfig
sparc SX cg14config
If you do not have the OS running but are at the OK pronpt try using nvedit.
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#!/bin/sh
#translate filenames in uppercase to lowercase
for FILE in `ls`
do
NEWNAME=`echo $FILE |tr [A-Z] [a-z]`
mv $FILE $NEWNAME
done
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read this good article.
creating solaris packages
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A vague rule of thumb when looking at disk arrays is MB transfered is 10% of Mhz
for every 1000 rpm of disk you will get about 9 I/O’s second therefore a 10,000rpm disk will have 90 I/O second
If these are in a stripe configuration of 5 working disks the the throughput
could be 400 I/O second
At the time of writing a fully populated D1000 could yeald up to 3000 I/O second
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useful commnads are mpstat, psrinfo, psrset, pbind
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Take a look at this page to show how to remane a domain. The main thing
to remember is to rename the domain on the ssp as well as the domain
itself.
Renaming an E1000 Domain
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geovisit();
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